<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <title>integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating point - Perldoc Browser</title>
    <link rel="search" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/opensearch.xml" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Perldoc Browser">
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/integer">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-JcKb8q3iqJ61gNV9KGb8thSsNjpSL0n8PARn9HuZOnIxN0hoP+VmmDGMN5t9UJ0Z" crossorigin="anonymous">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/10.5.0/styles/stackoverflow-light.min.css" integrity="sha512-cG1IdFxqipi3gqLmksLtuk13C+hBa57a6zpWxMeoY3Q9O6ooFxq50DayCdm0QrDgZjMUn23z/0PMZlgft7Yp5Q==" crossorigin="anonymous" />
    <style>
      body {
        background: #f4f4f5;
        color: #020202;
      }
      .navbar-dark {
        background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #005f85 0, #002e49 100%);
        background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #005f85 0, #002e49 100%);
        background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #005f85 0, #002e49 100%);
        filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ff005f85', endColorstr='#ff002e49', GradientType=0);
        background-repeat: repeat-x;
      }
      .navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link,
      .navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link:focus { color: #fff }
      .navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link:hover { color: #ffef68 }
      #wrapperlicious {
        margin: 0 auto;
        font: 0.9em 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif;
        font-weight: normal;
        line-height: 1.5em;
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
      }
      #wrapperlicious h1 { font-size: 1.5em }
      #wrapperlicious h2 { font-size: 1.3em }
      #wrapperlicious h3 { font-size: 1.1em }
      #wrapperlicious h4 { font-size: 0.9em }
      #wrapperlicious h1, #wrapperlicious h2, #wrapperlicious h3,
      #wrapperlicious h4, #wrapperlicious dt {
        color: #020202;
        margin-top: 1em;
        margin-bottom: 1em;
        position: relative;
        font-weight: bold;
      }
      #wrapperlicious a { color: inherit; text-decoration: underline }
      #wrapperlicious #toc { text-decoration: none }
      #wrapperlicious a:hover { color: #2a2a2a }
      #wrapperlicious a img { border: 0 }
      #wrapperlicious :not(pre) > code {
        color: inherit;
        background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
        border-radius: 3px;
        font: 0.9em Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, monospace;
        padding: 0.3em;
      }
      #wrapperlicious dd {
        margin: 0;
        margin-left: 2em;
      }
      #wrapperlicious dt {
        color: #2a2a2a;
        font-weight: bold;
        margin-left: 0.9em;
      }
      #wrapperlicious p {
        margin-bottom: 1em;
        margin-top: 1em;
      }
      #wrapperlicious li > p {
        margin-bottom: 0;
        margin-top: 0;
      }
      #wrapperlicious pre {
        border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;
        border-radius: 3px;
        font: 100% Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, monospace;
        margin-bottom: 1em;
        margin-top: 1em;
      }
      #wrapperlicious pre > code {
        display: block;
        background-color: #f6f6f6;
        font: 0.9em Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, monospace;
        line-height: 1.5em;
        text-align: left;
        white-space: pre;
        padding: 1em;
      }
      #wrapperlicious dl, #wrapperlicious ol, #wrapperlicious ul {
        margin-bottom: 1em;
        margin-top: 1em;
      }
      #wrapperlicious ul {
        list-style-type: square;
      }
      #wrapperlicious ul ul {
        margin-bottom: 0px;
        margin-top: 0px;
      }
      #footer {
        font-size: 0.8em;
        padding-top: 0.5em;
        text-align: center;
      }
      #more {
        display: inline;
        font-size: 0.8em;
      }
      #perldocdiv {
        background-color: #fff;
        border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;
        border-bottom-left-radius: 5px;
        border-bottom-right-radius: 5px;
        margin-left: auto;
        margin-right: auto;
        padding: 3em;
        padding-top: 1em;
        max-width: 960px;
      }
      #moduleversion { float: right }
      #wrapperlicious .leading-notice {
        font-style: italic;
        padding-left: 1em;
        margin-top: 1em;
        margin-bottom: 1em;
      }
      #wrapperlicious .permalink {
        display: none;
        left: -0.75em;
        position: absolute;
        padding-right: 0.25em;
        text-decoration: none;
      }
      #wrapperlicious h1:hover .permalink, #wrapperlicious h2:hover .permalink,
      #wrapperlicious h3:hover .permalink, #wrapperlicious h4:hover .permalink,
      #wrapperlicious dt:hover .permalink {
        display: block;
      }
    </style>
    <!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics -->
    <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-KVNWBNT5FB"></script>
    <script>
      window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
      function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
      gtag('js', new Date());

      gtag('config', 'G-KVNWBNT5FB');
      gtag('config', 'UA-50555-3');
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-dark bg-dark justify-content-between">
  <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
    <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
  </button>
  <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/">Perldoc Browser</a>
  <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav">
    <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto">
      <li class="nav-item dropdown text-nowrap">
        <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="integer.html#" id="dropdownlink-stable" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">5.35.0</a>
        <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownlink-stable">
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/integer">Latest</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.38.2/integer">5.38.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.38.1/integer">5.38.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.38.0/integer">5.38.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.36.3/integer">5.36.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.36.2/integer">5.36.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.36.1/integer">5.36.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.36.0/integer">5.36.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.34.3/integer">5.34.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.34.2/integer">5.34.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.34.1/integer">5.34.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.34.0/integer">5.34.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.32.1/integer">5.32.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.32.0/integer">5.32.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.30.3/integer">5.30.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.30.2/integer">5.30.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.30.1/integer">5.30.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.30.0/integer">5.30.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.28.3/integer">5.28.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.28.2/integer">5.28.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.28.1/integer">5.28.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.28.0/integer">5.28.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.26.3/integer">5.26.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.26.2/integer">5.26.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.26.1/integer">5.26.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.26.0/integer">5.26.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.24.4/integer">5.24.4</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.24.3/integer">5.24.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.24.2/integer">5.24.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.24.1/integer">5.24.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.24.0/integer">5.24.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.22.4/integer">5.22.4</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.22.3/integer">5.22.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.22.2/integer">5.22.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.22.1/integer">5.22.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.22.0/integer">5.22.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.20.3/integer">5.20.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.20.2/integer">5.20.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.20.1/integer">5.20.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.20.0/integer">5.20.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.18.4/integer">5.18.4</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.18.3/integer">5.18.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.18.2/integer">5.18.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.18.1/integer">5.18.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.18.0/integer">5.18.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.16.3/integer">5.16.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.16.2/integer">5.16.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.16.1/integer">5.16.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.16.0/integer">5.16.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.14.4/integer">5.14.4</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.14.3/integer">5.14.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.14.2/integer">5.14.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.14.1/integer">5.14.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.14.0/integer">5.14.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.12.5/integer">5.12.5</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.12.4/integer">5.12.4</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.12.3/integer">5.12.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.12.2/integer">5.12.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.12.1/integer">5.12.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.12.0/integer">5.12.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.10.1/integer">5.10.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.10.0/integer">5.10.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.9/integer">5.8.9</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.8/integer">5.8.8</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.7/integer">5.8.7</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.6/integer">5.8.6</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.5/integer">5.8.5</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.4/integer">5.8.4</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.3/integer">5.8.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.2/integer">5.8.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.1/integer">5.8.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.0/integer">5.8.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.6.2/integer">5.6.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.6.1/integer">5.6.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.6.0/integer">5.6.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.005_04/integer">5.005_04</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.005_03/integer">5.005_03</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.005_02/integer">5.005_02</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.005_01/integer">5.005_01</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.005/integer">5.005</a>
        </div>
      </li>
      <li class="nav-item dropdown text-nowrap">
        <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="integer.html#" id="dropdownlink-dev" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dev</a>
        <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownlink-dev">
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/blead/integer">blead</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.39.6/integer">5.39.6</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.39.5/integer">5.39.5</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.39.4/integer">5.39.4</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.39.3/integer">5.39.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.39.2/integer">5.39.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.39.1/integer">5.39.1</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.38.0-RC2/integer">5.38.0-RC2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.38.0-RC1/integer">5.38.0-RC1</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.11/integer">5.37.11</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.10/integer">5.37.10</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.9/integer">5.37.9</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.8/integer">5.37.8</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.7/integer">5.37.7</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.6/integer">5.37.6</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.5/integer">5.37.5</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.4/integer">5.37.4</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.3/integer">5.37.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.2/integer">5.37.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.1/integer">5.37.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.0/integer">5.37.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.11/integer">5.35.11</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.10/integer">5.35.10</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.9/integer">5.35.9</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.8/integer">5.35.8</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.7/integer">5.35.7</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.6/integer">5.35.6</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.5/integer">5.35.5</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.4/integer">5.35.4</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.3/integer">5.35.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.2/integer">5.35.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.1/integer">5.35.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item active" href="integer.html">5.35.0</a>
        </div>
      </li>
      <li class="nav-item dropdown text-nowrap">
        <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="integer.html#" id="dropdownlink-nav" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Documentation</a>
        <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownlink-nav">
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="perl.html">Perl</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="perlintro.html">Intro</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="perl.html#Tutorials">Tutorials</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="perlfaq.html">FAQs</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="perl.html#Reference-Manual">Reference</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="perlop.html">Operators</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="functions.html">Functions</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="variables.html">Variables</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="modules.html">Modules</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="perlutil.html">Utilities</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="perlcommunity.html">Community</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="perlhist.html">History</a>
        </div>
      </li>
    </ul>
    <ul class="navbar-nav">
      <script>
        function set_expand (expand) {
          var perldocdiv = document.getElementById('perldocdiv');
          var width = window.getComputedStyle(perldocdiv).getPropertyValue('max-width');
          var expanded = (width == '' || width == 'none') ? true : false;
          if (expand === null) {
            expand = !expanded;
          }
          if ((expand && !expanded) || (!expand && expanded)) {
            perldocdiv.style.setProperty('max-width', expand ? 'none' : '960px');
            var button_classlist = document.getElementById('content-expand-button').classList;
            if (expand) {
              button_classlist.add('btn-light');
              button_classlist.remove('btn-outline-light');
            } else {
              button_classlist.add('btn-outline-light');
              button_classlist.remove('btn-light');
            }
          }
          return expand;
        }
        function toggle_expand () {
          var expand = set_expand(null);
          document.cookie = 'perldoc_expand=' + (expand ? 1 : 0) + '; path=/; expires=Tue, 19 Jan 2038 03:14:07 UTC';
        }
        function read_expand () {
          return document.cookie.split(';').some(function (item) { return item.indexOf('perldoc_expand=1') >= 0 });
        }
        if (document.readyState === 'loading') {
          document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {
            if (read_expand()) {
              set_expand(true);
            }
          });
        } else if (read_expand()) {
          set_expand(true);
        }
      </script>
      <button id="content-expand-button" type="button" class="btn btn-outline-light d-none d-lg-inline-block mr-2" onclick="toggle_expand()">Expand</button>
    <ul>
    <form class="form-inline" method="get" action="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.0/search">
      <input class="form-control mr-3" type="search" name="q" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search">
    </form>
  </div>
</nav>

    <div id="wrapperlicious" class="container-fluid">
      <div id="perldocdiv">
        <div id="links">
          <a href="integer.html">integer</a>
          <div id="more">
            (<a href="integer.txt">source</a>,
            <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/integer">CPAN</a>)
          </div>
            <div id="moduleversion">version 1.01</div>
        </div>
        <div class="leading-notice">
          You are viewing the version of this documentation from Perl 5.35.0.
            This is a development version of Perl.
        </div>
        <h1><a id="toc">CONTENTS</a></h1>
                  <ul>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="integer.html#NAME">NAME</a>
              </li>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="integer.html#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a>
              </li>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="integer.html#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
              </li>
          </ul>

      <h1 id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="integer.html#NAME">#</a>NAME</h1>

<p>integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating point</p>

<h1 id="SYNOPSIS"><a class="permalink" href="integer.html#SYNOPSIS">#</a>SYNOPSIS</h1>

<pre><code>use integer;
$x = 10/3;
# $x is now 3, not 3.33333333333333333</code></pre>

<h1 id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="integer.html#DESCRIPTION">#</a>DESCRIPTION</h1>

<p>This tells the compiler to use integer operations from here to the end of the enclosing BLOCK. On many machines, this doesn&#39;t matter a great deal for most computations, but on those without floating point hardware, it can make a big difference in performance.</p>

<p>Note that this only affects how most of the arithmetic and relational <b>operators</b> handle their operands and results, and <b>not</b> how all numbers everywhere are treated. Specifically, <code>use integer;</code> has the effect that before computing the results of the arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, and unary minus), the comparison operators (&lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, &gt;=, ==, !=, &lt;=&gt;), and the bitwise operators (|, &amp;, ^, &lt;&lt;, &gt;&gt;, |=, &amp;=, ^=, &lt;&lt;=, &gt;&gt;=), the operands have their fractional portions truncated (or floored), and the result will have its fractional portion truncated as well. In addition, the range of operands and results is restricted to that of familiar two&#39;s complement integers, i.e., -(2**31) .. (2**31-1) on 32-bit architectures, and -(2**63) .. (2**63-1) on 64-bit architectures. For example, this code</p>

<pre><code>use integer;
$x = 5.8;
$y = 2.5;
$z = 2.7;
$a = 2**31 - 1;  # Largest positive integer on 32-bit machines
$, = &quot;, &quot;;
print $x, -$x, $x+$y, $x-$y, $x/$y, $x*$y, $y==$z, $a, $a+1;</code></pre>

<p>will print: 5.8, -5, 7, 3, 2, 10, 1, 2147483647, -2147483648</p>

<p>Note that $x is still printed as having its true non-integer value of 5.8 since it wasn&#39;t operated on. And note too the wrap-around from the largest positive integer to the largest negative one. Also, arguments passed to functions and the values returned by them are <b>not</b> affected by <code>use integer;</code>. E.g.,</p>

<pre><code>srand(1.5);
$, = &quot;, &quot;;
print sin(.5), cos(.5), atan2(1,2), sqrt(2), rand(10);</code></pre>

<p>will give the same result with or without <code>use integer;</code> The power operator <code>**</code> is also not affected, so that 2 ** .5 is always the square root of 2. Now, it so happens that the pre- and post- increment and decrement operators, ++ and --, are not affected by <code>use integer;</code> either. Some may rightly consider this to be a bug -- but at least it&#39;s a long-standing one.</p>

<p>Finally, <code>use integer;</code> also has an additional affect on the bitwise operators. Normally, the operands and results are treated as <b>unsigned</b> integers, but with <code>use integer;</code> the operands and results are <b>signed</b>. This means, among other things, that ~0 is -1, and -2 &amp; -5 is -6.</p>

<p>Internally, native integer arithmetic (as provided by your C compiler) is used. This means that Perl&#39;s own semantics for arithmetic operations may not be preserved. One common source of trouble is the modulus of negative numbers, which Perl does one way, but your hardware may do another.</p>

<pre><code class="plaintext">% perl -le &#39;print (4 % -3)&#39;
-2
% perl -Minteger -le &#39;print (4 % -3)&#39;
1</code></pre>

<p>See <a href="perlmodlib.html#Pragmatic-Modules">&quot;Pragmatic Modules&quot; in perlmodlib</a>, <a href="perlop.html#Integer-Arithmetic">&quot;Integer Arithmetic&quot; in perlop</a></p>


      </div>
      <div id="footer">
        <p>Perldoc Browser is maintained by Dan Book (<a href="https://metacpan.org/author/DBOOK">DBOOK</a>). Please contact him via the <a href="https://github.com/Grinnz/perldoc-browser/issues">GitHub issue tracker</a> or <a href="mailto:dbook@cpan.org">email</a> regarding any issues with the site itself, search, or rendering of documentation.</p>

<p>The Perl documentation is maintained by the Perl 5 Porters in the development of Perl. Please contact them via the <a href="https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues">Perl issue tracker</a>, the <a href="https://lists.perl.org/list/perl5-porters.html">mailing list</a>, or <a href="https://kiwiirc.com/client/irc.perl.org/p5p">IRC</a> to report any issues with the contents or format of the documentation.</p>


      </div>
    </div>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.slim.min.js" integrity="sha512-/DXTXr6nQodMUiq+IUJYCt2PPOUjrHJ9wFrqpJ3XkgPNOZVfMok7cRw6CSxyCQxXn6ozlESsSh1/sMCTF1rL/g==" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.16.1/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha512-ubuT8Z88WxezgSqf3RLuNi5lmjstiJcyezx34yIU2gAHonIi27Na7atqzUZCOoY4CExaoFumzOsFQ2Ch+I/HCw==" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
    <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-B4gt1jrGC7Jh4AgTPSdUtOBvfO8shuf57BaghqFfPlYxofvL8/KUEfYiJOMMV+rV" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
    <script src="../highlight.pack.js"></script>
    <script>hljs.highlightAll();</script>
  </body>
</html>
